Engine-starting device.



C. F. KETTERING.

ENGINE STARTING DEVICE.

APPLICATVN HLED sEPT.19, i912.

T/Vzl'nesses MW-mw-k C. F. KETTERING.

ENGINE STARTING DEVICE.

APPLICATION man SEPT. I9. 1912.

1,240,348. Patented sept. 18,1917.

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C. F. KETTERING.

ENG|NE STARTING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I9, 1912.

.I .Q4-. S4-S, Patented Sept.. 18, 191?.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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ENGINE STARTING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I9. 1912.

Pmntea sept. 18,1917.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

QC'. F. KETTERING. ENGINE STARTING DEVICE. APPLICATION msn SEPT. 19, 1912.

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Patented Sept. 18, 1917. 'I

CHARLES F. KETTERING, OF DAYTON, (il-IXO, ASSGNR TC THE DHZTCN ENGNEER? LABORATORIES CO., .FL CRPQRTIN 3F @53320.

ENGINETAPJTNG DEllCE.

` Specification of Letters Patent.

Sept. il@

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known'that I, (li-munies F. Kn'rrnn- ING, a citizen of the Uinted Sta-tes, residing at Dayton, county of Montgomery, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new .and useful improvements in Engine-Starting Bevices, of Which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

rlhis invention relates to electric starting' devices forengines, In devices of this character, the engine is cranked b y the operation of the electric starting device, which' in this case is a dynamo-electric machine; and after` powerortorque, which when appliedto theV crank shaft of theV engine, will readily rotate the samel and thus. start the engine, this power being derived from' the accumulator,

and conveyed to the dynamo-electric-ma chine, operating as a motor, in any suitable manner; and at the/same time to make .the system adaptable so that the dynamo-electrie-machine, when the engine hasonce been started, will operate as agenerator' and supply current at' such a predetermined voltage and`aniperage, that it.will be 'suitable for use in re-charging the accumulator, or for use in the electric lighting or other Work circuits.

In carrying out'the above objects of the -present--invention', there is provided a dynaino-electric-inaehine, which comprises a plurality of normally independent windings. One of these windings constitutes what may be termed, the motor winding, and is of low electrical resistance, and consists of'but a icw turns g" while the other winding, Which'inay be terined'the generator winding, is oi'inuch higher electrical resistance and consists oi a far, greater number of turns.

and generator 'windings oit' the armatur or initially as a motor with a slow initial Each of these windings is connected indepei'ident ccinmutators, said connnutat 'i having selective connection with an acci lator,'that is, a comparatively low resist conductor capable of carrying high our values provided between the accumula ir and the dynamo-electric-inacl1ine, and. is provided with a suitable switch arrangement, whereby, either 'the mot-or winding or the generator winding may lbe connected. to the accumulator.

A single set of pole pieces arranged .in the dynamo-electric-inachine and carries the motor .and generator iield windings or' machine, so that it will be seen that tl motor and generator armature windings-` if. operate in what may be termed, a comm t. magnetic field.

The voltage rela ion between the a so'proportioned that an accumulator of i tively small voltage and consequently, small number .of cells.,- may be employwhich under certain conditions, may he charged and dischared in series:

By being able to charge and discharge the 4aecumulator 1n series, and I@by having tl i; aforementionedselective siif'itch ari/fanDAL ment lier connecting either the generator side of the machine tothe battery, ifor charg ing purposes, or connecting the motor side of the machine with the battery, for starting purposes, the mechanical and electrical connections are materially reduced .and siinpliiied., compared with systems oi a simi-- lar character, heretofore produced;

Another obj ct of the present invention resides in combining' the independent moto land generator windings and their accumu later connections, with what may he termed a multiplied or variable connection between the dynamo-electrie-machine and theengine,

to which the system is applied.

Another ob]ect is to make use of the of generator.armature windings to operate the dynamo electric machine niovei1'1e,i1t,'ior the purpose of facilitating the cnnicshmcnt oi" the coupling gears that connect the electric machine to the engine.

Further objects' and advantages of the present .invention will be apparent from the iliollowin'g description, rt 'ence being' had to the accon'nianying dra wings, wherein momentarily ies preferrd form of one embodiment in.; invention is clearly set forth.

'In the drawings:

Figure lis e'top planview of s vortice. of the chassis of an sutomobiie. to 'w nach improved system is applied. Certain pz of the chassis and mltomobiiel are removed. for the sake of clearness; the parts of .my system which are shown therein.; being tile particular arrangement and location oi the dynamo el "tric-machine and connections forcontrollingthe operation. of the saine.

Fig. 2 is a. detail fragmentary View of the dierential gear Connections between the dynamo-eleetricfmaehine and the engine.

Fig. 3 is a.v vertical sectional view, taken on the lineB- of Fig. 5, of the autometio Eig. 4 1s a. side ele've'tion of the switch element, the outer casing' thereof being broken away to 4show certain of the. co-

` relation and construction ci the eieei'i ticularly to Fig. 1, it may be s type of automobile to which t s improv system is shown as applied2 is lon `r`the trade, as tlieCadillec, end embed operating elements.

Fig. 5 isn longitudinal sectional View taken lon tige line .rr-5 oi' Fier. 3,1 portion of the casing which includes the diferentiel connections between the engine and d ynnnio electric-machine, also being shown in this view.

Fig. 6 is a. plan vieri/vof swiicii, i the cover removed, clearly illustrating contact elements thereof.

Fig. 7 is u. detail pian View of the et" ary contacts of the switch.

Fig. 8 shows -the switch and trolling mechanism, latcned to the oper-Min; elements.

Fig. 9 is s. top plan View o cal means for controlling thesis Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the sena-e, e. portion thereof being shown in s ction the sake of cloerness, with 'the into mechanism and operating elements in im latched position.

Fig. 11 is n diagrammatic View @if electrical circuits and connections oin'bor' in the present invention.

Fig. 12 is e detail diagrammatic View one form of the dynamoeieci iofnmo.' und its cooperating and con i Fig. 1S is e detail diagrammatic ew modiied 'form of the system and structure niecliani .Cllm' I shown in Fig. 12.

Referring to the drawings.,

.555 iii?. engine of the four cycle type, and. in 'present'instance, is .shown es having :v cylinders. A

Fig. 1, the side frames of the ci .Cere designated yby the numeral 20, 'gelther with certain'transverso supporting members. carry and support the engine ning beards. Z4 ordinary casing, on grins, und 25 rr. which, 'when Si on on gears in u 'weil known 'whereby various speeds, forward manner. or the reverse speed may be selected as dei is custom;A This oil 'puin which :is or 's un oil pump, such as in our of this type. is operated by the shaft. 27, .ariiy employed to operate the magneto and which, boca-.rse of its location, zirlventageoirdf f ronde use of in the present :is W peer herein-.titan Q8 designates the engine .ily-Wheel, secured in the usual manner.' 'to the engine shaft, und having o. sin of ai.' teeth, formed on or secured to its periphery, as sw.-

The trsnsi sion. @loten 5.10, is of the 'usual construction sind is adapted to be moved into and ont engagement with the conical surface o the interior of the ily Wheel. The movement of 'lids ciutcii ie controllediin'ongh the n of the ordinary clutch izo yoke member 3i, by tmnsverse slini't 3Q, which clutch shaft, und the nent of the ordinary -gine will be fisc.. nei. i from the vesicle, in the Weil o. owtor rotor sierung for' oir mit 82,

that cilletorjy 12;' t 252, 'mit is lielol iv" to any eL lv, it 'Mil be seen 'that tn l 'vided with un gwn @rin om ",if'n i ci rod 3". rod, i

l ik

f outer i0, is end oi" the posiiioi'led in. aline-v roni the core of the This ortli, controls the selection formed in the shop-e of hook or latch, es et 2, and is adopted to engage, wl. n the 'ernmtnre is moved into the position shown in lifig. 8, with the curved erin 4&3, which in turn, is rigidly Secured tothe clutch. sheft 52, oy any suitable ineens.

i finition of the engaging end of the erin und the armature 4:0, is so arranged that these two eieinents may he maintained in latehed position hy u siight preseure being exerted on the eiu'teh pedal., Lifter the two elements have initinily been brought into lotoh'eci position.

lin order to limit the movement oi the en nnitnre 40, when returning to lits open posi tion, und ulso to adjust the distunee through which it is neoessaary the orinotzue to travel, in order to he in suoli position that it will engage with "thel nrrn when seid nrin ie moved, there is provided combined edjusting and stop mechanism, in the shape oi. o screw holt 66, which posses through o threaded bore in the lug 4,0, formed on the armature 4U.

This holt is adopted to project through seid ing, and oonteot with o. projection l secured to the erin 39, ,so that it wild. loe eeen hy adjusting the holt 66, the urn ture wili he moved so to increase or deereaee the distunoe between the core of the magnetic coil und the end of the armature,

A spring 68, one end oi: which vis S-eenred to 'the armature 40, and the other end to 'the pin 69, carried by erin 39, oonstently tends to hold the armature in its norniuiij/ etched position.

Ey referring to Figs. 8 und l0, it wiii. he eeen that the engaging eno of the erin 'when in 'itsJ unietohed position, will against e beveied 'fece el, formed on the armature 0. This Structure permits e earn ming notion oi' the erro, 43 relativo the ors nutrire '1f-O, when the eiutoh pedo; moved to its nornnil heine position, thus positivelyT forcing the armature into un uniotehed position.

A, construction, embodying; eertnin above desorilferl elements, hue been uilv i, Yforth in my Potent 1,150,523, r?, iene @n 'the Sonie pin wiiiohncts e. pivot point for the armature elle, t is secured rod l, provided with n si'iouider flo, against which one end of the coil spring 46 nlnits.

The other end of the rod i4 posses through v an opening, formed in the plete 41:7, which muy he secured to the traino of the ehussis or to any suitable port oi the nniehine, n*

titi f.

fifi, hui :iieo forros the op p1 uhutnient 'for the spring; 4&6.

lil, COBB@ fr tion with the operntion of the clutch pedal, when actuated to control the starting incohonisno,

The inne-liet which is normally loosely mounted. on the clutch shnt't, has pernmnent connection with the geur und switch shifting niohenisin, by luiving the erin 3o oonneeted :it itslower extremity, with the voked rod 4:9, which in turn is provided with u shoulder 50. forming un olnitnient for the spring 57, This rod i9 nos on internal bore, es et 51, to receive the screw threaded end i the connecting pin 52, the opposite end of which passes through the hearing block or coller 53, and secured to the yoked :mn 5l, hy means of 'the gil) The eonneciinggj pin is provided with un elongated slot 5V), through which 'the gib posses, so that it is pofssihle to move the pin 52, und the elements having positivo eonnoetion tl1ere\\'itl1relutive to the securing ineens and the nrnx The 'he-,ning block is provided with :t shoulder., oppositely disposed, relative to the shoulder 50, und forms :1n opposite nhutinent for the spring 5i'.

The yoke member 54C is ndjustnhly eonneet-ed by ineens of o screw threaded oonn-eotion, with vthe shaft 58, which is connected directly to the differential gearing (50, hy ineens of the yoke member 59.

This gearing (SO constitutes the movable elements of the differential connections he tween the dynamo-elect]'io-muchine und the engine, and comprises o pair oil gear wheels til und G2, which :ire oi suhstuntiully the suine Aconstruoli-imi us those shown und described in niv ahove mentionedl potent und also in Patent No. l 171.055duted 'ifehruf ary S, 1916, :ind therefore, no further description of the Speiiio construction of the gearing und its Self contained Clutch ineelnv nisin, will he lgiven. Y

,lt is, of courge, understood that :is soon es the engine becomes self-uotuoting, the gearing (SO should be released, hy simply releasing' the clutch pedzii, but if, for any reto son, this gearing is iinprol'ierly nuiintuined in enn'ieshed condition, the roller clutch nieoinmisin, eelL conte ined within the geur inf; '5GI ne u ole rly shown in F1o'. 2, will per- `to facilitate und xnnhe more certain, the

'uoper engagement of the genring (SO, with n'ioror pinion andthe .ily-wheel, it has push hutten ei, {see Fig-g. il), whieh ff-:eju fourni ativisehle to transmit current to 'the ij/'namaneleotriomeehine, to operate the seine ne a. motor, et a slow .initial speed, a8 e nreiiminery ,movement to tsnormei v i L Y y 1 ,i ih. ing ooeietion. (lne wey no securing 1eel 'W initial movement is (leserihecl in. the above mentionel Patent No. 1,150,523s

Itis also provided, as will beseen' by 1'.re ferring to Fig: l, that there is a greater side elearenee between. the gear Wheel 6l ami theA ily/Wheel Jearimg, than there is between *he f lie gear teeth efthe fly-'Where :The eireuit '.eonneetions for giving this rn liininerymovement'to the d.' netme-` y' ngiehiiej uetiug as e meter, e se pelun, elrryingxout ano. eeeompiishment oi" verimi's number of novel unetione 2i, Fig. l}, is rest, it

ons that the coupling or mult 1 CQ? will he in non-cliiving pos is desired to start the eiigine, the operatien Consists olf depressing the results in the elosing ef the supplemental er start ing "ireuit7 which Willvhe more fuliy flel herein ftli'., in connectie@ ivi-1" the die rmnmetie'ierar it will i starting ois. mit en directly conne or ooi mentions the genere in euch manner "het it short ent-ent vviieh. leser :feeding i'ifgi'ciiigh. this infleppienlentel circuit, will. of l nce the magneti@ coil 387 'u'l eentnet end ei' the 'pivotel miniature "1 will he f' i 'weil c iliineu that etions :i

remesas eendnetivity and, `eiso of lewe resistance than. vthe connections between. the generator Winding and the accumulator. The above named connections, however, are each ndapted he connected to an accumulator of a snhstentially constant voltage, hat is, this Veeeurnuletor or battery has e given number of Cells connected in series at all times.

In order to operate the dynamoeleetrioinf-whine, as e motor, ate slow initial speed, l utilize the relatively high resistance gen-- erator Wil'iding, rather than to use the ordinary motor or series winding, through which the urrent is passed to effect the starting operation.

f New, es soon :is the supplemental circuit hee close-fi thy depressing button 210), this circuit energizes the latch magnet 38 to souple the clutch pedal to the gear and evs/ital operating meehanismshown in Figs. S and l0. Thus it Will he seen that pressure exerted upon the'elutoh pedal, to move the seme in e forward direction, will not only accomplish th usual unetiouof disengaging the engine from the transmission Clutch., het" will also :result in the oscillatory action of; the enti e hrnehet 35, together 'with :i rearward Shifting of the lever Connections and eonsequentry the like shifting of 'the gearing L Ey using-g' .the clutch pedal to efif' -t the shifting; ol`A the gearing 60, it will he seen that the engine will he free from any heavy leed, euch es ennneetion with the ruiming gen1* of the vehiclej et the time of the starting'operation, thus tending to eliminate any danger of stelling;r the engine, by attempting 'to start the saune when :in eXtreme/.head is imposed thereon, es might he the euse, if

seien lever was, inudvertenily ed in an imprz r position.

, soon ai; the 'z tr 't will he i' 3 .he plate 4:7. thus it will also he "i :uf/ion of the .vm r'- is etzieheil, there-oi: that i'he von@ renter.

This is importent, for :is soon es tie dutch pelhl relensefi mil :Starte '1 its noi y ordinary clutch e M, he 591mg previous io return, or the pivot point n i i rml li, below centr-1g exert e hohli relative elements euireil thereby, so that the movenwni oi' the nimm @huit 'will instnntlv Cnuf'e v :mu -i io ilisnngjngx'e 'from luivheil posi'- n'iih the armature l).

'the olueh peflni B3 is pressed 'Imavuifh the ma met "S, together with the hrm" 5W "will,

he sunny in the direction l0. This will,

latched position, through the e'flvectof tetonas of course, compress the spring; 46 against the plate 47, in such a manner that Awhen. the pedal 33 is released by the operator, the spring 46 will force the niegnet and its bracket back into the position shown in Fig. l0, which will, of course, bring the pivot point All into'its correct' and normal posi# is released from engagement with the arm.

Thenthe spring 68 willr eferct the r,e-

turn or' the armature to, normally nnlatched position.

When the rod lll is moved so that its pivot point is belowl center, the e'lect et the compressed springr will be exerted 'to canse asnap action returnwmovenient oit the .brochet and the elements connected therewith, to Atheir normal home position.

lt' Will now be seen that inasmuch arn'iai'iure being maintained in its the un* the spring' 68, it Awill be possible. to operate the clutch' pedal 33, to couple uncouplethe coperatinir elements of the engine clutch,

' in the usnalimanner, Withouhin any Way,

etectiiig the mechanism employed during the storting operation.;

rlhe springs 46 and 57 .must be so proper tioned that they -will equalize to certain.' extent, relative to each other and also relative to the clutch spring1 which normally forces and maintains the clutch in engaged position with the engine dy-wheel, in. the

A, usual manner.

lt will. therefore be seen that this clutch spring maintains the clutch pedal in its normal pf sition, ind therefore. when the clutch pedal has been connected up` so to sliiit the and switch connections, as described heretofore, it Awill have tdbe oper-l l ated agsiist the pessure oit the clutch serine* in the usual manner so that as soon l m i es the operator relieves pressure from the clutch pedal, this spring Tvill not only immediately tend to'l'ning the cri-operating elements of the clutch into enga gement, brit will also effect theshiftingr of the rear and switch connections, from their startingto their charging position. v

It is Well known that in the .nianunieturn ing; and assembling of large quantities ot ing elements of the clutch mechanism will tend to wear. This is especially true in constructions where the cone type clutch is used, as is present in vehicles of the Cadillac type.

When this wear occurs, it will, of course, be obvious that the home position of the clutch pedal is altered, inasmuch as the movable element of the clutch must be moved in farther, in order to have the proper engagement with its cooperating clutch element.

' New, in the present system, Where the clutch pedal constitutes the controlling ele nient of the starting system, under certain conditions, the Inormal home position of the clutch constitutes an important point, inasmuch as the arm 43, which is carried by the clutch shaft, Will also be thrown out of 'its normal home position, in the same manner as the clutch pedal is.

This armv 43, Which'has been described as having enlarged head for engaging the latch end of the armature 42, normally rests Von a portion of the armature, and consequently would tend to move the entire bracket and' themechanism connected thereto and supported thereby, out of its normal position.

However, When the bracket 35, and the magnetic clutch, supported thereby, are in their normal. position, the connecting elements between the bracket and the gearing` 60, have forced the gearing out ot coupling position, vand into suchv position that one oie. the feces of thelgear wheel 62, will he in abutment With the-adjacent face of 'the end easing of the electric -machine.

For the above reasons, it is advisable to provide plurality of `adjustments for the connections between the gearing A and the bracket 85.

For instance.,` when the system is assembled and applied to the vehicle, the rods 58 sind 54. are so adjusted, relativi? to each. other, by means of the screw threaded connection at 58a, that the clutch pedal, in its normally home position, ivill haveabsolutely yno effect on these connections, that is, the arm 43, which is rigidly connected with the clutch shaft, will not exert any pressure ou the armature 40.

lt will, therefore, be 'seen that the initial adjustment will be effcctedby properly positioning the rod 58, relative to the yoke member 54.

By referring to Fig.` l0, the various eleinentsare clearly shown in their correct po ,sitiong when the system, so far as the clutch pedal is effective relative to the starting,` mechanism, is in inoperative position.

However, in case of weer betweenthe co-l 'opf-ri-atiugg elements of the clutch., and the tendency of the clutch pedal to swing farther baelr Afrom its 'normal position and thus 'its nmlich as nach nf these windings can oper- 'Zien the nmchinn is operati g as 70 nnnected. to an independent. from the commutntor jngs, which are. einploycd, ....sfh'ine is being used as n. genera-- 75 are re two sep- @pendent Sets of Windin s en ration of the mib ci; d at th genex'litor, some r shifting the con- 30 ive windings of and. th@ accuui. minnection of aspnet nctric ,he relativelv W con and :rs a

z--machine th t ' mich Ti. n

l x. uib uit 'une n mr may' und establishing the when the engine has beuit.

f\ "fior Circuit erntian of the above means, er the anmesliment of the gears,

'fully ldescrlbed. rring to Figs. i and 5, the numeral :i Sleeve. munted upon the rod d ting finger S2, which Laying the op @una unti :ift

xviii W be Bef@ desi 58, un

i( nvm@ elec-- naman.

Wina er nurfib ernten' @minima r nl Yin A .i il@ g, i high resi-Simca sin@ of the spring v said yoke being pii'oterl to the opposite sides 86, against the latch yoke 89,

of the casing'84i, as is shown in Fig. 8.

The yoke 80 is provided with a pair oil fingers 90, which extend along,` each sirle of the block 88, and normally are in engage-- ment with the rollers or pins 9i, which` .in turn,' are fastened to or carried by the block 88, and which are f .lapted to travel on` the tracks 84, which `are formeel by providing flanges-on the interior of the casing' 841-. 'See )FigM This latch yoke 89 is maintained in normal position by means of the spring 94;, itteelv within a bore. 95, formeel in the casing 84, said spring having,- a cap or cover 96, which is lin direct contact with the rear end of the latch yoke 89.

The block- 88 forms a base or support for the Contact element 98, which ispro'viderl with a pair of parallel grooves 101 and 102, engaging respectively with the common con tact bar 103 and the alined, lnitinsnlatecl, bars 104 and 105, respectively.

In order to compensate for any inaccuracy of theswitch elements and to make more certain the contact therebetween, the plate 98 is resiliently mounted with respect to the bars 103, 104 and 105. This is eHectecl by passing a pair of screws 108, down through insulating bushings, located in the plate 98, into the threaded bores, formed in the block 88. The block 88, adjacent to each of the threaded bores, is counterbored, as at 10T, to Areceive the coil springs 108, which norn mall y force the plate 98, up into Contact with the bars 103, 104i and 105, but vpermit a certain amount of relative movement between said elements and at the same time, maintain a goed electrical Contact therewith.

It is advisable that the movable Contact element 98 be shifted from its normal position to the starting position, with a quick snappy movement, so as to prevent arcing and also to have the shifting' ciect taire place at a given time, relative to the movement or" the .gearing 60.

In the present instance, it will be seen that so long as the arms {Xhof the-yoke 80, tenti to hold or engage with the rollers 0l, car rieil by the block 88, it will he impossible to cause a shifting of the electrical connectioi'is between the 'vrrious windings oit the electric machine and the accumulator, and it will further be seen that until the yoke member Si) is raised` so that the arms 00 will disengaee the lugs or rollers lll, the block 88 and its contact plate 08, will be maintained in the position shown in Figli. regardless of the position of the rod 88 and its eooperating elements.

However, in order to diseugage 'the yoke inoinher 80, at :i certain iu'ediicrinined point, there is u trip arni 10T, pinned 'tust to the rod 8?, so that when iho clutch 4pedal is ac4 windings are connected i.

gearing has become enmeshed with the proper gear wheels, the trip arm 10?a will be brought into such position that it will 'strike the face 108l :immediately trip the saine, and thus throw the arms thereof, ont of engagement with the rolls, carried by the block 88.

is soon as the arms 90 have been released fromv engagement 8G will immediately tend to expand, and will, of course, force the block 88 and Contact plate 98, rearwardly, so as to cut out one set of connections' between the windings of the electric machine and accumulator and es tablish connections between a diiizerent set of windings and the accumulator. The switch returned to normal position sho-wn in Fig. 5, whenever the clutch pedal is released, whereupon the movement of the rods 58 and 83 (to the leift in Figs. fl. and 5) causes the block or arm 10T, which is fast to the rod 88, to abut against the movable switch block 88 and restore the switch to its normal position', cuit.

Certain of the windings and. combinations thereof, are shown in the following views, as JSor instance;

ln lille'. el, there is clearly shown a view, wl erein the switch is 'in starting position, thatis, in position so that the motor winding oi' the tynamo-electric-inacliino is con nec-,ted directly withY the accumulator, while in Fg. il, `the plate is shown in position, whereby the generator i -h the accuinun later and the connections between the motor winding and the accumulator are broken.

.ily referring` to vthe diagrammatic views, and more especially to 12 and 18, it will he seen that the system cniliodies an a rn'iaturoA` rarryirg a. operable in a lielrl composed of a single set of nolo pieces.

li`ig..12 clearly shows the connections oi the armature and t1 field windings, so constructed and arranged that the armature is provided with a plurality oiieomniutaiors on one end of its shaft. These coninnilaiors are indeijiendent of, and insulated from cach other, and have absolutely separate :ind distinct connections with the motor and gen era'for windings of 'the s vsteni.

in Figi. i8., there shown a modified forni oif the electric machine eens-inalction, where L of the yoke 80, and will` asking the generating cir-I with these lugs, the spring i'ilnraiity oi windings,

in one end ci the. armature is provided with e coinmutetor, connected; tthe "enorm tor"winding, Whiie the other-.end t erect, carries the commutator for the motor Winding', In describing the electrica connections endcircuits shown in diugrarriinatic Fig. il, the circuit connections, as they appear when 'the machine is at rest, and the system is to be used lfor starting, will be first described.

By referring'tc Fig. il., it vii be reccgy nized that the current stored up in the :1ccuinuintor 100, will always tend to iow, heck through the generator side of the 1ncchine, because of the fact that the controller switch has no neutral position, but normally rests in the position to close the charging orV generator circuit,

However, es has been cle my' copending 19H, Scritti No. 633,443, and filed April i7, 1911, Serial No, 621,512, I have included Within this circuit, a, current interruptor, or cut-out relay 230, the function of which is rly forth in to prevent the back How of current from thc eccumultor into the generator, :it .euch times es the 'generator is' et rest, or et such times es the' generator muy' be operating, but the voitcgc of its out-put is less than the voltage of the storage battery.

.inasmuch as it is advisable to givethe dynumoelectriomachine u slow initial movement, us u motor, revious to the operation ci the eiectric'mac ine, to start the engine, I have provided e. circuit which simply shunts out or short-circuits the cut-out de vice, so that when 'the suppiernentcl circuit is closed, the current from the eccuinuletor will flow hack through the generator Winding of the machine, and operate it es rt motor, et 6 Volts, but simply with the amount of current which the generator Vleeds erecc'publc of carrying.

As has been explained heretofore, the

` latch muguet is included 'Within this supplemental circuit above named, so that, concurrently with the. operution'of the dynamo electric-machine, as e motor, et a. slow initial speed, the clutch magnet 'will be@ ener gized that its armature will be attracted 'sol es to lock the operating mechnnism und the shifting mechanism securely together.

By referring to Fig, 1l, the circuit for accomplishing the Preiiminary movementof the dynumo-electnc-machinc, Will lirst he described.

From the accumulator '1.00, the current 'will flow through the short wire 200, 'thence into the whe 300, which leads to the common contectpplute 103, of the controller switch heretofore described.

As has been explained heretofore, the movable element of the switch, is nornmily in position to ciosc'the generator ci*1 uit, us .is cle'eriy shown in full lines Fig'. 11.

applications, .tiled June 15,

' ercting es e motor at a slow initial speed,

that is, by' passing current from the battery, through the generator windings, will be es ollo'wsr-frorn the wire 300, e portion. of the current will branch through the wire l240, thence through the elements 241 und 266 of the regulator, Wire 242, ucross the .fieid Winding 243 to the brush 204. It will be understood that the Wire 240 is, in substance, connected up to the brush 202. It will 'thus be seen that the machine will be operating us n. shunt Wound motor, und inasmuch as it is one of the characteristics of e shunt Wound' motor to operate at a relatively low torque, the desired effect will be secured. Thot is, thc function. of imparo un initial movement to the electric machine is primaril to facilitate the coupling up of the shiftub e gearing between the elec tri zucchine and the engine, but this initial nic'ifelnent of the armature is not intended to here the effect of operating the motor for starting purposes.

New, as soon es the Current has caused the opere-tion of the dynamo--electricmafchine, as c mot-or, et a slow initial speed, and the geur mechanism between the motor end of the electric machine and the engine has been. connected. up, the controlier switch is 106 operated in. c ru-tuner heretofore described, so that the contact plate 98 will be shifted from the full linev position, to the dotted line position, es is shown in Fig. 11. This will, of course, breuk the circuit connection be- 110 tween the generator 203 and the battery; und will connect the motor 310 directly Withthe accumulator, through the followingcircuit.

From the accumulator 100, through heavy 116 Wires 200 and 300, common contact bar 103, plete 98, to the bur 105, through the series iicld 220, through the brush 204, across the armature Winding 310,-through brush 205, und back to the buttery, via the wires 221, 120

und 213.

With these connections, the current will flow directly through the motor winding of the electric machine, from the accumulator u certain given voltage, :md at a suicient to operate the electric machine u rector, with sufficient torque to readily turn the engine s rift, through. the medium the gemme heretofore described.

soon the engine has become .self ac- Lem-sire tuating, the operator of the vehicle Wili release the clutch pedalto permit `the same 'to return to its normal posit-ion, which as has been explained heretofore, will'cause the contact element 98, of the controller switch, to be shifted from the position'shown in dotted lines to the position shown in full lines in Fig. 11, thereby breaking the con nection of the motor circuit.

By referring to my co-pending appiication, filed June 15, 1911, Serial-No. 633,443, there is clearly shown a suitablef clutch mechanism embodied in the front end of the generator, Which is 0i such structure that it Will readily permit the operation oi? the electric machine as a motor, for crankM ing purposes, independently of the rod 27, which, of course, will beoperated througi the gearing 105, as soon as the engine is operated by the motor.

A further clutch mechanism, Such as is shown in Fig. 2, has also been clearly described in the above referred to application; this clutch mechanism being adapted to permit the running ahead of the engine, rela, tive to the armature of the motor. This condition might occur in the event that the opera-tor inadvertently permits the shiftable gearing to remain in position to couple up the electric machine and the engine, after the engine has started to operate on its own power.

Now, as soon as the engine becomes seligoperating, and the engine drives the shaft 27 at a speed equal to or greater than the armature speed, the front end clutch will become effective to drive the electric machine as a generator.

The generator or front end clutch may be suitablv7 inclosed in the casingk 70, and in view oi' the description andI illustration of this vstructure in the application heretofore referred to, lit is not thought necessary to illustrati and describe in detail this clutch mechanism in the present application.

Further description of the means and connections for driving the electric machine, as a generator, will not be given in the present application.

New, soon as the speed of the engine,

drives the dynamoelectric-machine` as a ,generator at a certain predetermined speed, the current generated by the machine, will initially flow through the shunt circuit of the generator, that is` through the brush 202, contact plates 10i, 9S and 10?), respectively, wire 300, branch wire 240, through the regie lator 241, which will be rlescribed hereinai'ler. wire 242, through the winding 243 and back across ihe generator, via the brush ein.

At the saine time. a small amount ot current will tend to build up the eut-out ref lay or current interrupting device, by passinn through the lbrush Q02, Contact platesK through wire 200, across the battery 10e, 98 and 103 respectively, wire, 300, resistance wire 2i high resistance win 245, Wire 2&6, bach to the brush 20% or the generator.

it will be understood that when the cur- 'LT/C rent has built up through the vtine wire coi?v 245, of the cut-ont re .y device, to energr. 'y the core z/i, suliciently to attract 'the Y ture i250, and thus close contact Twith plate :251, the flow of current will chain), and progress through thev course of' least resistance, naniely, from the wire S00, y ice, M thror the contact 251, and armature i250, he Winding branch wire 200, thenci throuoh wire 213 branch wire T0 liti? Wire 246, back to the generator brush 201i.

Une of the characteristics of a .shunt Wound generator is that the initial flow oil' current tends to build up through the shunt or exciting iield, while at the same time, f certain proportion oil the current Hows through the main circuit connections.

voltage across the main lines of the circuit inasmuch as the present system en'ibodi` a battery which is preferably to be cha at a certain predetermined voltare, sonic t t, means must be prei/'i ed 'tor preventing the Abt from increasnigv` beyond this point. I ln the present instance, there is pro'. ided a regulator which may he of substantialh,T the .saine construction as -that shown and described in my co-pentliin,y applications. iiled August 9, 101:2, Serial No. TLLQSL, and filed Ni'ivember i1, 1012, Serial NoA Z2-50,7233.

As will be seen by referring to Fig; l this ref ulator comprises a easing ffl-il, wherein a suitable eoiuluetingr liquid. is placed. and which normally cove sistance 'indinp' *260, which is 'i series in the shunt iieldand is carried o the plunger element which also projects downwardly into the mercury cup creasingV ein,

The. plunger (dement f0.3 is controiled bv means current which passes through circuit connection placed directly across he lines oi' the generator: so that a small por tion of the current which tends to pass nl the generator to the battery 100, will he shuned through the controlling or voltaire winding i267.

This windin 207 and the plunger '20.3 are so arranged that when the voltareoi the coil 20T rises above. a certain predeterininml point. ille plunger element 205 will he drawn upwardly. -onse pientlv uitlulrawin soule ol' the turns ol the resistance wind Zilli. l'roui the inerrur)Y contained in (basin/1 .llkuiud culling:A the suine into ihe .shunt circuit.

New. :is soon as th'e resistance .is rut into the shunt circuit or field. the strenu'lh ot ihr said lield will he reduced and therel'u'e the voltage of the current honing through the battery 100, it simu generator and battery connections, will als@ be reduced, S0 as to bring the output o machineto the proper voltage,

As has been fully explained in my eopending applications, filed Aug. 9, 19153, Serial No. 714,234, and filed November 1l, 1912, Serial 730,733, I have included a zheostat in sries Withthe winding 2G74, the purposesclearly set forth in ,tay co pending applications.

, Supposing that the generator ie operating at such a speed that the voltage has been brought up to a point to close the 'at-out re lay, and is increasing Ibeyond the proper point for charging the battery 16), or for furnishing current to the lighting; circuit, which comprises the leads 275 and Q76, and theK ignition circuit which comprises the leads 285 and 286. It will he Seen that the current will fiow through the brush 202, eoutact plates 10%-, 98 and 103, the counnon wire connection 300, Wire 200, battery 100, wire 213, branch wire 212, Contact 251, armature 250, heavy winding 255, Ythrough. the wire 260, back to the generator, through the wire 246, and brush 294. There will also be a flow of current at the sanievoltage 4as the circuit just described,

fromfthe wire- 300, 'through the ivire E-il, through the voltage ecil 52.67, through the rheostat 290, to the line Wire and, thence boek to the generator.

This last circuit constitutes the controlling circuit above referred to1 The rheostat 290 is arrarged in series with the controlling coil Q67, in .glieli a that the determined Voltage fo controlling the plunger element oi the regu ator may he kept Substantially constant, irresicetive o' the effects of temperature changes., etc., on the voltage Coil, by simply eutting in or out more or less resistance, conditions may demand.

'Nom as the if'oltage in the limewire 30?- inoreases, the voltage of the current p through the coil. 267', will eoiresiLi-oudii*p j; increase and at a certain prefleei point, will soelliee; the @lungi-ir 25a, as to Withdraw the same from he mercury @up 241, thus cutting in :insistence into the shunt elrL. so that the tion' eurrent through the y shunt or e as follows:

.Freni the bri plates 104e, 98 ai wire 2&0; into the -Y i cup- 2li, the resistance Wind g' 266, which withdrawn from the mercury, then/ethroi the wire 'fi-l2, back to the generator.

By arranging t`: li

ignition circuit in 'the l1., it is possible to directly f `ri the ger :ai eerie "xplete wire i count-rations,

y conditions.

um :i eiugle eet of :arrlifY h ih the genings, oi? hoth the motor e, are arranged. in, super on, so ti it the leads from tlul other.

n lil., there shown a niorlilierl form of 'the structure shown iu ifi" iff inursinuch fiuuiututor connected u'itn the generi imi-ffl on the ohpcmile or ia''t, relative to the connnuator conneu with the motor iluetire capacity, an ie leerla :unl wind ings oit the freue r, and it therefore necessary that the alles hill, of the motor,

:u il olf greater esirrving iter brush 305.

kalso he much larger than the feuer ile iu; mi' form.4 i. to .ie ruit-ii es the opefaiou oii the .eye-

' ,wur from the lesrriiition the olimutiou of iihoiiied in thc i l' new the coniu airing ilel u. dynzuno el@v ric 'is immature wound with ets of Hindi-f of* enc Ieel' arri .Jurc windings of iii mniaiznr sa@ ire cinzia-gi inici? ai iveiy low im lin fm. engine Sizii'iinL i "maion in angine, si n, sizininb ei-afm, including :i iiynnnio ein" chin@ having ai sei; 01": nionr zirnizitn :ings of iffiniiveiy low resis': niinsj ano independent iii'nininife windings of higher number inrns n.

iunior :armatura Wii di i ings and gene mor i e cominci xions ii'sween iii@ gn dii/Vico for starting ,ne siiriing the former by' iii@ ziier and winning iii@ laitier by 'die i'orn ur; :in ncninnuiiior; ,ind means :ip/arabic in cnnnecj.

me motor armature and iunior .ieiii winciA ings 'to die ziccumuiator for stru-ting purpnsesi and "zo conne-ct iii@ genei'aor iii-inziture anni ieid niin'iings io iii@ :icc-illumini for generaiiinw or cinirgiin imposes.

B. in :in engine, staring, sys'mni, iiie con hinntion wiii im engine, of :i siir'iligj device ziinreiior including :i dynamo ein fin nm chin@ having' :i um oi motor niinziizum 'ii/inf if@ in iii'i y ion' i'ewunci) anni im tnrnsfiini insidie@ i@ `inrni iirinniiro winding i rebirnnce :nui :i number ns inni iii@ nioiior winni :i finis r Mannini), for field winding miiinns iin- Unwin L on@ 27Min of ie @Metric inwonine Went nino of d;

i, i becomes Salif-actuating, and Lo es izibiisii connections iietxfn the gmini-mor :iinninin winiiing and til l, accumulator, with s io Lonnsc the eieciirio machine ienini oonons whereby the engine may drive the v*ricnnichine ns i 'zito' :ii a diiien ziio of Speev r charging purposss.

.n :in eng stiiring System, the coi iin wiii an engine, oi 5. Sorzigo init- :ind iengine, through oi'hsr diff 'il :i (iynnnio niacin-iff nia/bine insinding iin nrnnrsurei and conneuions botwen 'the imcry und eiie dynamo eiec'ric machine anni. in@ engine for sizirting the engine by the :uno electric i. ziciiinenind running; Said electric machine )y Suid enging of means oiiei'ziting io wry iie effective coiidiinnvity f plie miniatura no increase said conductiviiy nini operaie with high orqne when the n @Cirionisidiine operates ais :i rnoigor with ri t derived from the bntiiry to Sturt the Le, anni to reduce iii-e conductivity 0i' the iii-ure when iii@ electric machine is driven "he angine to :iut :is u gemein-:wor to charge 2 sito 'ugo battery. ,in nn engine starting' system, iin, oombiiizition wi'n :in engins, oi7 n starting" device .'iiiniing' a dynamo electric. machine adapten operaio :is ii motor for shifting said n, und o be Opziwi :um: generator 1 iii@ engine bea-onion sifizicinniinff, anni mino electric n'nxciiin having independent ofuni'innture :ind fichi windings oi (iii- "it coniiufztivity; zin nccninliiziior having iimiicni connections :idzipieii to in: connect- Qii Vith the reapecivn sets of zirnniiuru imi {iai/i windings; iiiii'oren'izii ronnerii in vices iieweon die engine ami @leciti-iv miv Chinn; und :selec/'sive means operi bin to nnoi' :irniuure anni iieiii windings :ind io connect the engine :ind Morti-imi nim i? inn iixroligii (fortuin of Saud iiiii'iiriiniiaii uoi'inerionn, when ih@ engine is to he oper- :iizi :is i nioor for siuiing purposes: nini wiwn die Cugino becomes soiini'iiziiiigl io Uilen ii5-e ii1liiisii .Amid clertrivni nini iiii'er enizxi connections und io connect the :ii'n'iiiiure :mii fichi windings oi' hif-clecti'ir nihoiiine oitl less roniinciivity to the :iconinniiitor Mii nigh zinohier not of eiectriczii connections` inni io connect he engine i@ h@ electric niau s iing miniem chine tlnough th I differential connections 'when the machine is; t0 lie driven is n erntet hy the engine fm: charging gnupoea l1 stwiting System, the eci-:nhiunaition of n, Starting device there tot, conn Y* zi, dynamo electric: machine inning; :i genesatmf zu'nnitnie winding unil. or charging. i l n n'mtoi :rnmtmre n'fiading; ineens For: niein an en' Star-ting and lighting el ani "ailv conneutin the engine im@ Vt systun, in cannl/imtion with it law Wiltnge W lieviti/e teg'etlier; 'unil niezins for pnfffiii;v li;.hting vii-@nitI :in engine, a Starting Llethi'oiigh the generate-L' ni'n'nvlui" rice therefor nchnhng :.pclynunn) electric te the elefztilc machine as "galline having a` Inotm armature Winding relatively ion weistunee :unl 'few turns, ui un imlepende generator nrlnatlne i hiding et' higher: resistance :intl :L greater Zitting tleie, 'the CoinH inunliei of turns than the motor :unmtnre hinatien Yfithh f ne; 0i' zx starting de windings; connections between. the englne ',e the.. fm', cmnpiising :i (ljyfnmno electric and the Starting le-Vice for starting the ifne haivingi ggeneintan miniature wind.H fau-nier by the letter unil running the latinlepemlent moto :urnmtuie wind tei ny the 'ffinn'aerg s, low 'voltage ziccuumlator i with Cinectiens fer supplying' low voltage ouvrent to Suid lighting circuit; und nii-,uns :ter connecting' the moto :iznmture windings te the accumulator to receive current of the sume mltuge sul; the voltage 0E the lighting circuit te canne the motor operation ofthe machine 'with iii; tmqueelleCt for st;11\.i1ig, ne to the engine fer nifl te Cvmnect the generator Winding t0 the mnniaitm to secure chiiifgin- 0i the :mou-

electrical Coi'iclnutivity und 'ly estriblish the high ratio .me ifoi- ,tart-ing, und then. ,time winding :Li-rangement Ver conductivity :tn/.l conteni- `:tblish the low' rati() gearing ,Aute the Connecting et the ttni'tiinjg device te the engine, by :anni me- :u ehinieul connections.

l T v 1 EL in :in e

@il Y. e Starting Slg'sstein, the e"'n'i nnilitm at lelativeljf lov surfent valves.

'with mi engzfu'iev 0S :i Starting device ln :in engine stu'ftlng system, tl 1, e0mincluding; a dynamo electric nmhinntifm with an e1 e, 0i :t storage hut-A rafting nmtm' in nature :windings elf teiy, :incl :i dynamo ectrie nnwhine with it ief- 'inw resistance incl fev turns and plurality el2 :irmatuife-Winding; ineahanicul igeneizt :i1-mature .vimlings connections betweenthe electric*niaeliinemid mi '.eeilitance und a greater number ci -ffi'iginw electi'iezxl cfiinnections between the tui; i 1an "he motor .vindings; high ratio su'iiizxtiie wiinlin and the battery; and anni low i'etio gearing sets between 'the enmenus fer Seleetiifel intra-lling will ernmgiiie .and 'the stmtii'ig device fer starting the tui-e ".jrdnlings and conne/tiring tocnnse smid til m'niel by the latter and running the lttei niziclnnete @peinte eitljiex." as n high toi'qne by the fm'nei; :in accumulator; and nenne motor :nl: )ted to albania' the engi in* n. gen

5 eleetirie imicliine 'iv th the miep 'ed to change the buttery, f mugh the high mitin lu :in engine starting ein7 the coin- @ting the motel armature; w; ntien with an eni ineiy @if n. :starting device the att-"inulzi'toi to Secure hi ineliul z; ilyiminn electric nmim: starting puifiose5wn i tm @ein invii'igg; :i 0f toi' armature wind 'i fi-@Cirie machine viali '.11, of relative/5),' lziw resistance and few l :infl an inflependet set of. generator n wint ings @i highei iesistmice und grsezitfn" im. iher of 'turns tlnn the set of motor field windfield Windings i zi comconnnen toV the motor 'or field ".vimlings und in ifi@ low ratio generator ,une 1' J to :i at i'el tively mete :um

rotate; :i

i tl i electric machine with the enifyetfnund :is generateur; am gine; and selective means for connecting the connections ,betweensziiil e Stzv'zge buttery 'with the. motor armature :Viti said ueeinnulator; lign :ind

wi dings and instel' field windings for high 'max-ing connections between the tmque cranking and for Connecting the stori :levice and the engine; and devices :ige lmtterjf nl the electric machine to the t @miti-filling Smid .gearing cennections nml generate/f1* minut 'i ings and gene n Stihl :umn-.nere wind.' n select :in tmf iele' windin :iiina'txne infra-ngel lia-.ving a, ln an enne the 1,240,34aav Combination with an engine; of a starting device therefor, including a dynamo electric machine having a motor armature windi and a generator armature winding; difiere tial connecting devices including high and low ratio gearing between the engine and the starting device for starting the former by the latter and running the latter by the former; an accumulator; and an operating member movable from normal position to a position to connect the motor armature windingnvith the accumulator and'to connect the electric vmachine with the engine through the high ratio gearing, and movable back to normal position to connect the generator armature winding with the accumulator,` and establish the low ratio gearing connection.

15. An engine starting system comprising the combination with an engine, of a starting device therefor including a dynamo electric machine comprising a plurality of circuit connections including independent armature windings; an accumulator; connecting `gearing including enmeshing members between the dynamo electric machine and the engine; and means for selectively'connecting the accumulator with one of Said circuit connections of the dynamo electric machine to effect an initial operation of said machine to facilitate the enmeshment of said connecting members, and to connect another circuit connection of said machine with the accumulator to effect a motor starting operation, and to connect said first circuit connection with the accumulator for charging said accumulator.

16. In an engine starting system in combination with an engine, a dynamo electric machine starting device including a plurality of armature windings; connections between said machine andsaid4 engine; an accumulator.; and devices for selecting said armature windings of said machine and connecting the machine with the accumulator to produce first an initial movement resulting from low amperage current from the accumulator, second a cranking movement resulting from high amperage current from the accumulator, and third an accumulator charging period when said machine is driven by the engine. y

17.- An engine starting system comprising in combinationwith an engine, a starting device therefor including a dynamo electric machine having a pair of armature windings; means including enmeshing connecting members for connecting the starting device with the engine; an accumulator; means for connecting said accumulator with one ,of

bination with an engine, of a starfmg device therefor, including a dynamo e ectric machine having anY armature Winding of relatively low resistance and few turns and an armature winding of high resistance and a greater number of turns than the other winding; connections including ennieshing members between the engine and the starting device for starting 'the former by the latter and running the latter by the former; an accumulator; and means for connecting the accumulator with the armature winding of higher resistance and greater number of turns for facilitating the enmeshment of said connections, and for connecting the accumulator with thearmature Winding of relatively low resistance and few turns to cause the dynamo electric machine to operate as a high torque motor to crank the engine through said enmeshing members,

19. In an' engine starting device for vehicles such as automobiles, the combination with a non-self-starting engine for propelling said vehicle; an accumulator; and a small elfectric motor provided with a plurality of armature windings, adapted for selective arrangements, with electrical connections 'from the battery for starting said engine; of vmeans for connecting the engine and motor, including a toothed wheel connected with the engine shaft and a pinion adapted to beA driven by the motor; and devices for selecting said armature winding arrangements to produce different armature conductivities, and contemporaneously controlling said pinion, said devices operating first to impart a combined movement of low torque registration and enmeshment to said pinion, and then to impart a high torque movement of rotation to said pinion when the proper enmeshment of said pinion is accomplished.

In testimony whereof l aiix my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES F. KETTERING. lfVitnesseS:

WILLIAM `A. CHRYST, ZERBE C. BRADronD. 

